Table 2 - Phonological Processes
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Created on Wednesday, 09 November 2011 08:48
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Updated on Thursday, 09 August 2012 10:45
All children make predictable pronunciation errors (not really 'errors' at all, when you stop to think about it) when they are learning to talk like adults. These 'errors' are called phonological processes, or phonological deviations. In Table 2 are the common phonological processes found in children's speech while they are learning the adult sound-system of English.
Table 2
Phonological Processes in Typical Speech Development
|
Phonological
Process |
Example
|
Description
|
|
Pre-vocalic voicing |
car = gar
|
A voiceless sound preceding a vowel is replaced by a voiced sound. |
|
Word final devoicing |
red = ret |
A final voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant |
|
Final consonant deletion |
boat = bo |
A final consonant is omitted (deleted) from a word. |
|
Velar fronting |
car = tar |
A back sound is replaced by a front sound. |
|
Palatal fronting |
ship = sip |
sh or zh are replaced b y s or z respectively |
|
Consonant harmony |
cup = pup |
The pronunciation of a word is influenced by one of the sounds it 'should' contain. |
|
Weak syllable deletion |
telephone = teffone |
Weak (unstressed) syllables are deleted from words of more than one syllable. |
|
Cluster reduction |
try = ty |
A cluster element is deleted or replaced. |
|
Gliding of liquids |
ladder = wadder |
Liquids are replaced by glides. |
|
Stopping |
ship = tip |
A stop consonant replaces a fricative or affricate. |
|
See also