| |
| |
HOME |
SITE MAP |
SEARCH |
ABOUT |
DISCLAIMER |
| |
PRIVACY |
CONTENTS |
LINKS |
EMAIL |
COPYRIGHT |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
 |
Webwords 34 ~ July 2009 LITERACY DIFFICULTIES
across the rooftops
Caroline Bowen |
|
|
|
Amanuensis:
A person whose employment is
to write what another dictates, or to copy what
another has written. Webster's Revised Unabridged
Dictionary (1913) |
|
|
Aunt Alexandra:
When she
settled in with us and life resumed its daily pace, Aunt
Alexandra seemed as if she had always lived with us. Her Missionary
Society refreshments added to her reputation as a hostess
(she did not permit Calpurnia to make the delicacies
required to sustain the
Society through long reports on
Rice Christians); she joined
and
became Secretary of the Maycomb Amanuensis Club. To all
parties
present and participating in the life of the county, Aunt
Alexandra
was one of the last of her kind: she had river-boat,
boarding-school
manners; let any moral come along and she would uphold it;
she was born in the objective case; she was an incurable
gossip. When Aunt Alexandra went to school, self-doubt could
not be found in any
textbook, so she knew not its meaning. She was never bored,
and
given the slightest chance she would exercise her royal
prerogative:
she would arrange, advise, caution, and warn.
Harper Lee,
1960, p. 137 |
From what Webwords
hears, your typical academic amanuensis or scribe is a
flexible person prepared to work with a range of
individuals with
reading, writing, sensory, psychosocial or attentional
challenges. Unlike Aunt Alexandra with her penchant for
arranging advising, cautioning, and warning (Lee, 1960), the
skilled
amanuensis resists any
desire to take over. He or she masters the art of writing or
typing precisely what is said without correction or
interpretation, performing
important functions in a variety of settings that are
as conducive as possible to the person being helped. One role of the
amanuensis working with candidates entitled to special
arrangements is to work at the student's pace in producing a
verbatim record of words dictated by that individual during an examination,
while simultaneously acting as invigilator. Another is to help
when a student is composing assignments where using a recorder
or computer will not suffice, where a student's typing is
too laborious, or where a student has difficulty concentrating on
typing and composing simultaneously.
Guidelines
for amanuenses
vary between
institutions but essentially they should have a basic
understanding of the subject in which they are scribing, and
an appreciation of the student's preferred mode of working,
and it is usual to have at least one briefing,
familiarization and practice session prior to the first
examination.
ROOFTOPS
Life being what it is, you can't always get an amanuensis
who understands your subject and mode of working, or a
proofreader ,
or a
dictionary,
or even a reliable spelling
whiz when and where you need one.
Take for example the plight of one determined graffiti
exponent, and a writing project he conducted in the
Broadway area a few convenient strides from the University
of Sydney main campus. For most of 2007 and all of 2008 a
Federation Romanesque building on the corner of Broadway and
City Road was
mischievously dubbed “MENS TIOLTE”.
The new name,
high in the rooftops against the skyline, in distinct black
aerosol characters was clearly
visible from the road. Lower down and harder to discern was
the writer's tag, generated three times, in cheery
wildstyle.
WILDSTYLE
Wildstyle is
a complex form of graffiti with interlocking, merging
letters, arrows, spikes and connecting points. It is
difficult for non-graffiti artists to read, and it took
Webwords (who does not indulge) several Sunday drive-bys at
60 Km/ph to make out
“SVTN”,
lightly crossed out (why ruin a nice piece of artwork?) and meticulously replaced with
“STVEN”,
and crossed out
again. Below the two unsatisfactory attempts, and touching
to see, was
“STEVEN” in
triumphant, 3D characters on a purple ground, painstakingly
decorated - probably over a concentrated period of three or
more days.
|
| |
|
|
| |
 |
| |
|
|
| |
It became
obvious that the writing was on the wall for this ephemeral
example of creativity, persistence and showmanship when the
building was draped in green scaffolding nets,
concealing Steven's little joke, and his heavenly display of
literacy difficulty.
We may never
know who Steven was (a former client, perhaps), how he got
up there (nerves of steel, no doubt) and remained there in
full view of the road for long enough to complete his task, or why he favoured wildstyle.
Was it pleasing to him
aesthetically, did he take pride in its production, and was
part of its appeal its clever capacity to camouflage his
continued reliance (presumably as a young adult) upon
invented spelling?
|
| |
|
| |
PREDICTORS
Invented spelling
is the ability to use sound-symbol relations but not
necessarily orthographic rules to write words - for example,
“rd” for read, “bk” for book and “STVN” for Steven. The
National Early Literacy
Panel,
in
its widely
circulated January 2009
report called Developing early
literacy,
glows pink with
approbation for invented spelling abilities, along with
decoding abilities in preschool and kindergarten, as early predictors
of later spelling success.
The panel's report
has been welcomed and praised as a needed tool for literacy
instruction that includes
training tips for
parents.
The same enthusiasm has not been universally afforded to their
conclusion that teaching the
alphabet and
letter
sounds in the
preschool years strengthens children’s subsequent chances of
conquering the task of
learning
to read. This
finding has worried some commentators, raising images of
tender 3- and 4- year olds grappling with skills-driven
instruction like their infants or elementary school aged
siblings and friends. But maybe that, plus a good serving of
play, fun and common sense in its implementation, is just
what little Steven needed. |
| |
|
|
| |
TRANSLATION
Importantly the panel underscored the need for translational
research to bridge the gap between key experimental
findings and
the non-expert laypersons' understanding of literacy.
Predating this recommendation, and launched in 2007, the
forces behind the accessible and freely shared
Encyclopedia of Language and Literacy Development
plan to do exactly that. The
Encyclopedia
forms a component of
The Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network
CLLRNet web
site. Its answers to questions about children's language and
literacy are based upon relevant and up-to-date research,
clearly explained. It includes authoritative articles on the
classroom
implications of spelling research, fostering
literacy development
at home
with typical and at-risk children, reading
comprehension,
the social
consequences
of low language and literacy skills, and
more. |
| |
|
|
| |
ATTITUDES, ADVOCACY AND OPENNESS
Adults
with learning disabilities are often encouraged to develop
positive
attitudes
in their student years, to engage in
self advocacy
in the workplace, and to be
open
with employers. One thing that can help them meet such goals
is the knowledge that help is often available. Good starting
points for motivated individuals are to check out the
Learner Support options offered by
TAFEs around
the country, the BBC's
Skillwise
resources, and the
Irish Adult Literacy
Agency. |
| |
|
|
| |
|
ANOTHER
ROOFTOP VIEW
“That's enough”,
I murmured to Webwords who had cadged a lift to the
Macquarie University library to meet up with me, and was
waiting, while I tapped out the last few words, to be
chauffeured home.
“It just needs a list of related links and I'm done.”
Sidetracked in the link hunt by the problem of
Who killed Angela
Spelling?
and the fascination of
George Orwell's
Why I write,
and deep in
thought, Webwords' sudden, unfitting (for a library) cry of,
“Quick! Look!” made me jump. There parked below our third
floor window was a purple Mini Minor. Webwords was beside
herself. “I thought it was a sunroof! But look!” There on
the little car's roof, in
small but distinct black aerosol characters, clearly visible
from the window, it said
“ELAFNS”.
“It's ELEPHANTS!” she enthused, her inner schoolmarm piqued.
“It's an elephant joke. How many elephants can you fit in a
Mini? He's so smart and funny!” Below the black capitals was
a miniature, multicoloured tag. “STEVEN” it
shouted in fearless 3D wildstyle on a purple ground. What
was it with University campuses and Steven?
The Librarian
was not amused.
“Public humiliation is what that fellow needs,” he muttered
grimly, “I know what I'd do if I found him.”
It was Webwords'
turn to think, “I think I know what I'd do too.” |
| |
|
|
| |
REFERENCE
Lee, H. (1960).
To Kill a
Mockingbird. New York: J. B. Lippincott.
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
LINKS
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
ACQ
ACQiring Knowledge in Speech, Language
and Hearing, or
ACQ,
is Speech Pathology Australia's clinical and professional
journal. It provides a forum for over 4,000 members of the
association, and is published three times a year in
February/March, June/July and October/November. Each issue of ACQ has a main
theme or topic as well as articles that are not tied to a
particular subject area. Its Internet column, Webwords,
usually addresses the central theme of the issue of ACQ in
which it appears. You can find
Webwords
in print in the magazine itself, and also here
on this site, with live links to featured resources.
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
 |
| |
|
 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Page updated
Tuesday, 14 July 2009
http://speech-language-therapy.com/webwords34.htm
|
| |
COPYRIGHT
©
Caroline Bowen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED |
|
|